MOG604

Unit Description and General Aims

This unit of study presents a study of electrical power systems, their analysis and operation. The students will be introduced to fundamental concepts in the unit will cover topics of generation, transmission, distribution, analysis, and operation at introductory levels. Concepts of power, frequency, and voltage control will be examined and different types of transmission/distribution systems and their associated systems will be presented. Models of long, medium and short transmission lines will be introduced to assist in calculation of power, voltage, current and power factor in an electrical system. Fault analysis in three-phase balanced systems will be studied together with fault Calculations in Power Systems. An outline of the electricity distribution in the deregulated Australian power industry will be given, and network calculations and the bus-admittance matrix will be covered. The Gauss-Siedel, Newton-Raphson, and Fast Decoupled load flow analysis methods and their application to the solution of complex networks will be introduced.

The unit aims to cover important international standards (IEC 61850) for substation automation, which will contribute to students' understanding of the significant impact on how electric power systems are designed and built for the future. The model driven approach of IEC 61850 is an innovative approach and requires a new way of thinking about substation automation. This will result in significant improvements in the costs and performance of electric power systems.

Substation Automation (or Data Communications for Substation Automation), including the protocols such as DNP3, IEC 61850, and IEC 60870-5-101/103 as well as the use of LANs/WANs for real-time communication in power distribution systems (both inside substations and between them) will be discussed. IEC 61850 alone is very complex and is a ‘hot topic’ in the Power Industry today.

Lectures will be used to introduce the key concepts and knowledge complemented by laboratories, and to extend and apply this knowledge. The tutorials focus on applying knowledge in solving engineering-related problems. Assignments are given to students to help them reinforce the knowledge gained during lectures/tutorials and to improve their information seeking abilities.

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this Unit, students are expected to be able to:

1. Demonstrate knowledge of the basic principles of electric power systems, the components thereof, and the respective configuration and operation.
2. Apply techniques of power flow solutions including calculations of voltage, angles, losses, generated reactive power, slack power, etc.
3. Critically analyse transmission systems, and identify solutions to power system problems.
4. Define the details and functions of Substation Automation
5. Understand the various Substation Automation Architectures
6. Understand, identify and apply IEC 61850

Student assessment

Prescribed and recommended readings

Required textbook(s)

1. A. Kalam and D.P. Kothari, Power System Protection and Communications, New Age International (P) Ltd Publishers, 2010 (ISBN 978-81-224-2741-7)

Reference Materials

• D. Glover, M.S. Sarma and T.J. Overbye, Power System Analysis and Design, 5th edition, Cengage Learning, 2012 (ISBN 13: 978-1-111-42577-7)
• P. Brand et al., Substation Automation Handbook, Bremgarten, Switzerland : Utility Automation Consulting Lohmann, 2003
• Hadi Saadat: Power System Analysis (Second edition), 2002, 0-07-284796-4, McGraw Hill
• Kothari, D.P. and Nagrath, I.J., Power System Engineering, 2nd Edition, 2008, Tata McGraw Hill.
• Grainger J. J. and Stevenson W.D. Power System Analysis, 1994, McGraw Hill Stephen J. Chapman, “Electric Machinery and Power System Fundamentals”, McGraw Hill, 2002.
• G.W. and El-Abiad A.H., 1968, Computer Methods in Power System Analysis, McGraw.
• Cooray V. The Lightning Flash, 2003, IEEE Power and Energy Series 34.
• Grainger J. J. and Stevenson W.D. Power System Analysis, 1994, McGraw Hill
• Looms, J.S.T., Insulators for High Voltage, IEE Power and Energy Series 30.
• Ryan H.M., High Voltage Engineering and Testing, IEE Power and Energy Series 30.
• Kamaraju, V and Naidu, M.S., High Voltage Engineering, 1996, Tata McGraw Hill.
• Greenwood, A., Electrical Transients in Power Systems, 2nd edition, 1991, John Wiley.
• IDC - IEC 61850 course outline
• IDC / EIT notes and Reference texts as advised.
• Other material advised during the lectures

Unit Content

One topic is delivered per contact week, with the exception of part-time 24-week units, where one topic is delivered every two weeks.

Topic 1

Electricity distribution in the deregulated Australian power industry

Topics 2 and 3

Symmetrical Faults; Symmetrical Faults and Symmetrical Components;

1. Sequences Circuits of Loads, Generator and Line; Sequence Circuits of Transformers and Sequence Networks;
2. Unsymmetrical Fault Current Calculations. Fault Current Calculation Examples
3. The admittance model and network calculations. Branch and node admittances.
4. Formulation of YBUS matrix. Node elimination.

Topic 4

Impedance

1. The impedance model and network calculations.
2. Bus admittance and Impedances matrices.
3. Formulation of ZBUS matrix.

Topic 5

Power flow

1. Power flow solutions.
2. Introduction to Gauss- Seidel Method.

Topics 6 and 7

Newton-Raphson

1. The Newton-Raphson method.
2. The Newton-Raphson power-flow solutions.
3. Power flow studies in system design and operation

Topic 8

Functions of Substation Automation

1. Process Connection
2. Operative Functions
3. System Configuration and Maintenance Functions
4. Communication Functions
5. Functions Related to Network Operations

Topic 9

Substation Automation Structures

1. Station Level
2. Bay Level
3. Process Level

Topic 10

Substation Automation Architectures

1. Ethernet (Peer-to-Peer) Communication Within Substations
2. TCP/IP and Related Issues
3. Wide Area Network (WAN) Communication Issues
4. Avoiding vulnerability to cyber attack specific to  power systems
5. Integration of Protection and Control Systems
6. Allocation of Functions
7. Integration of Primary Equipment

Topic 11

IEC 61850

1. IEC 61850 vs. the OSI Model
2. Scope and Outline of IEC 61850
3. IEC 61850 Substation Architecture
4. Data Modelling Approach
5. Communication Profiles
6. Mapping of IEC 61850 to Communication Profiles
7. Configuration
8. Conformance and Testing

Topic 12

Project and Revision

In the final weeks students will have an opportunity to review the contents covered so far.  Opportunity will be provided for a review of student work and to clarify any outstanding issues.  Instructors/facilitators may choose to cover a specialized topic if applicable to that cohort.

Professional Development

 Completing this unit will add to students professional development/competencies by:

1. Fostering the personal and professional skills development of students to:
   • Be adaptable and capable 21st century citizens, who can communicate effectively, work collaboratively, think critically and innovatively solve complex problems.
   • Equipping individuals with an increased capacity for lifelong learning and professional development.
   • Planning and organising self and others
   • Instilling leadership qualities and a capacity for ethical and professional contextualization of knowledge
2. Enhancing students’ investigatory and research capabilities through:
   • Solving complex and open-ended engineering problems
   • Accessing, evaluating and analysing information
   • Processes and procedures, cause – effect investigations
3. Developing the engineering application abilities of students through:
   • Assignments
   • Labs / practical / case studies / self-study (where applicable)

Resource Requirements

Software

Web & Video conferencing software

Students will be provided with Blackboard Collaborate (or similar) for video and web conferencing. This will allow them to attend lectures, interact with lecturers and fellow students, and use the Remote Lab facility. Students will be required to download the latest version of Java and .NET in order to use these packages.

Skype

For ease of communicating with peers and lecturers, installation of this package is recommended.

Word, PowerPoint and Excel

It is recommended that students install at least a 2007 version of the Microsoft Office. Older versions will work, but sometimes create issues with file compatibility. If individuals are reluctant to use these, they can also use Open Office (www.openoffice.org).

Virus detection

As students are co-operating with people from throughout the world with a multitude of different PCs, it is recommended that they have good quality up-to-date virus detection software installed. The free version of AVG is sufficient. A thorough automated scan of computers at least once a week is recommended.

Learning Management System

EIT uses a state-of-the-art learning management system (Moodle) for lecturing and interacting with lecturers and fellow students. Students can chat, socialize, and collaborate on projects with similarly motivated and enthusiastic course participants.

Computing resource requirements

Computer

Students’ computers should have an Intel Core Duo CPU and 2 Gigabytes of RAM. Hard disk space available should be at least 2 Gigabytes free. If necessary the built-in hard drive can be augmented with an inexpensive USB drive. No particular special graphics card is required. The operating system should be Windows with Windows 7 Service Pack 1 as a minimum.

Internet

An ADSL Internet connection with a minimum speed of 128 kbps down and 64 kbps up is recommended. 

Good quality headset and low cost web cam

Students will require a good quality stereo headset with analogue or USB connectors.  In addition, a low-cost USB webcam is recommended. Students should budget in the order of $30 for a headset and $20 for a webcam. This will vary from country to country.

Technical Help

For difficulties with other online materials the lecturer should be contacted. Technical material will be accessible 24/7 through the online portal.

Unit Changes Based on Student Feedback